Nutrients required to give birth to HEALTHY CHILD - 4
Nutrients required to give birth to Healthy child 4
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Minerals
| 
Mineral | 
Main Functions | 
Deficiency | |
| 
Phosphorus | 
80% of the phosphorus in the
  body is present as calcium salts in the skeleton. | ||
| 
Calcium | 
Calcium is the main constituent
  of hydroxyapatite, the principal mineral in bones and teeth. An adequate
  calcium intake is vital to health, particularly in times of growth, e.g.
  childhood, adolescence, pregnancy, and also during lactation. | 
Deficiency of calcium in bones
  can result from an inadequate supply of vitamin D, which is essential for its
  absorption. This condition is known as rickets in children and osteomalacia
  in adults. | |
| 
Iron | 
Iron is required for the
  formation of haemoglobin in red blood cells, which transport oxygen around
  the body. | 
A lack of iron leads to lower
  iron stores in the body and eventually to iron deficiency anaemia. Low iron
  status is associated with poor physical and mental performance. | |
| 
Iodine | 
Iodine is used to make thyroid
  hormones, which control many metabolic activities. | 
Lethargy and swelling of the
  thyroid gland in the neck to form a goitre. Nowadays this is rare in the UK.
  Infants born of severely iodine deficient mothers may be mentally retarded
  (cretinism). | |
| 
Selenium | 
It protects DNA, protein
  and lipid in cells against oxidation. | 
Keshan disease (type of heart
  disease). | |
| 
Zinc | 
Essential for growth, sexual
  maturation and immunity. Involved in enzyme activity and taste perception. | 
Dietary deficiency is rare; may
  cause delayed puberty and retarded growth. | 


 
 
 
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