Nutrients required to give birth to HEALTHY CHILD - 4
Nutrients required to give birth to Healthy child 4
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Minerals
Mineral
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Main Functions
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Deficiency
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Phosphorus
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80% of the phosphorus in the
body is present as calcium salts in the skeleton.
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Calcium
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Calcium is the main constituent
of hydroxyapatite, the principal mineral in bones and teeth. An adequate
calcium intake is vital to health, particularly in times of growth, e.g.
childhood, adolescence, pregnancy, and also during lactation.
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Deficiency of calcium in bones
can result from an inadequate supply of vitamin D, which is essential for its
absorption. This condition is known as rickets in children and osteomalacia
in adults.
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Iron
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Iron is required for the
formation of haemoglobin in red blood cells, which transport oxygen around
the body.
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A lack of iron leads to lower
iron stores in the body and eventually to iron deficiency anaemia. Low iron
status is associated with poor physical and mental performance.
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Iodine
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Iodine is used to make thyroid
hormones, which control many metabolic activities.
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Lethargy and swelling of the
thyroid gland in the neck to form a goitre. Nowadays this is rare in the UK.
Infants born of severely iodine deficient mothers may be mentally retarded
(cretinism).
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Selenium
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It protects DNA, protein
and lipid in cells against oxidation.
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Keshan disease (type of heart
disease).
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Zinc
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Essential for growth, sexual
maturation and immunity. Involved in enzyme activity and taste perception.
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Dietary deficiency is rare; may
cause delayed puberty and retarded growth.
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